افزایش سرمایه از محل سود انباشته، یکی از انواع روش‌های افزایش سرمایه است که در آن، شرکت سهامی سالانه درصدی از سود حاصل از فعالیت‌های اقتصادی خود را در حسابی به نام سود انباشته نزد خود نگه می‌دارد. اگر سود انباشته یک شرکت قابل توجه باشد، می‌تواند به عنوان منبع افزایش سرمایه آن شرکت مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. در این روش، مبلغ مزبور به نسبت میزان سهم هر یک از سهامداران، بین آنها تقسیم می‌شود. به منظور یادگیری تمامی این مفاهیم پیشنهاد میکنیم در دوره تحلیل بنیادی آکادمی ره‌آورد شرکت نمایید.
به دلیل اینکه در روش افزایش سرمایه از محل سود انباشته، سهامداران بدون وارد شدن نقدینگی جدید به شرکت، سود دریافت می‌کنند، به این نوع سهام، سهام جایزه نیز گفته می‌شود. لازم به ذکر است که در روش افزایش سرمایه از محل سود انباشته، درصد مالکیت سهامداران تغییر نکرده ولی ارزش سهام آنها کاهش پیدا می‌کند. به عبارت دیگر، تغییری در کل دارایی سهامداران رخ نخواهد داد.
یکی از مهم‌ترین مزایای افزایش سرمایه از محل سود انباشته، افزایش تعداد سهام است. اما در واقع به لحاظ ارزش سهام، تغییری در پرتفوی سهامداران به وجود نخواهد آمد و بر همان مبنا، قیمت هر سهم نیز کاهش خواهد یافت.
اگر شرکتی قصد افزایش سرمایه داشته باشد، بالطبع باید طی مدت زمان معینی، از فروش محصولات یا سود غیرعملیاتی، انباشت سود کند. سپس، این سود انباشته را تحت عنوان افزایش سرمایه، به سهامداران ارائه می‌دهد.
افزایش سرمایه از محل سود انباشته، یک عمل مهم بنیادی در تحلیل سهم محسوب می‌شود. مزیت دیگر این روش این است که، در صورت عدم بروز اتفاقی ویژه، سودآوری شرکت تکرار خواهد شد.
از دیگر مزایای افزایش سرمایه از محل سود انباشته این است که طرح‌های توسعه‌ای شرکت مانند راه‌اندازی خط تولید جدید و به تبع آن، افزایش تولید و سود شرکت، تسریع خواهد شد.
بر خلاف سهام حق تقدم که دریافت آن مستلزم پرداخت قیمت آن است، در روش افزایش سرمایه از محل سود انباشته، سهامدار در ازای دریافت سهام جایزه، ملزم به پرداخت پول نیست.
یکی از مهم‌ترین ریسک‌های خرید سهم‌هایی که افزایش سرمایه از محل سود انباشته دارند، قفل شدن دارایی سهامداران به میزان درصد افزایش سرمایه است. در حقیقت، سهامدار باید به مدت حداقل ۲ ماه به پول خود نیاز نداشته باشد تا بتواند چنین سهمی را خریداری کند.
در روش افزایش سرمایه از محل سود انباشته، بخشی از دارایی سهامدار قفل می‌شود. اما زمانی که دارایی پس از دو ماه قابل فروش شود، عرضه زیادی از سمت سهامداران شکل خواهد گرفت که ممکن است باز هم قادر به فروش سهام خود نباشند و هر روز ارزش آن کم و کمتر شود.
در روش افزایش سرمایه از محل سود انباشته، بر خلاف افزایش سرمایه از محل آورده نقدی و ووصول مطالبات، نقدینگی جدیدی وارد حساب شرکت نمی‌شود. بلکه افزایش سرمایه از محل سود انباشته، حاصل پس‌انداز شرکت طی سال‌های اخیر است.
افزایش سرمایه از محل سود انباشته برای شرکت‌هایی که بازدهی و سود مناسبی ندارند قابل استفاده نیست و تنها برای شرکت‌هایی قابل اجرا است که سود اندوخته قابل توجهی دارند.
زمانی که شرکتی افزایش سرمایه از محل سود انباشته می‌دهد، تعدادی سهم تحت عنوان سهام جایزه به پورتفوی سهامداران آن شرکت اضافه می‌شود. اما همان‌طور که در ابتدای این مطلب اشاره شد، با تخصیص سهام جایزه، ارزش پورتفوی سهامداران تغییری نخواهد کرد.
ارزش سهام از فرمول زیر تبعیت می‌کند :
(قیمت سهم) X (تعداد سهام) = ارزش سهام
با توجه به فرمول بالا، ملاحظه می‌کنید که برای ثابت ماندن ارزش سهام، با زیاد شدن تعداد سهام، می‌بایست قیمت آن کاهش پیدا کند. از آنجا که با اضافه شدن سهام جایزه به پورتفوی سهامداران، ارزش سهامشان تغییر نمی‌کند، بنابراین، با وجود زیاد شدن تعداد سهم، قیمت هر سهم کاهش پیدا می‌کند تا ارزش سهام ثابت بماند.
در مورد مدت زمان افزایش سرمایه از محل سود انباشته لازم است بدانید که تصمیم‌گیری در خصوص افزایش سرمایه از محل سود انباشته و صورت جلسه آن، در مجمع عمومی فوق‌العاده به امضای هیئت رئیسه مجمع می‌رسد. سپس، این صورت جلسه می‌بایست حداکثر ظرف مدت یک ماه به اداره ثبت شرکت‌ها تحویل داده‌شود.
نیاز شرکت‌های سهامی دارای مجوز فعالیت در بورس به توسعه منابع مالی جدید، به دلایل مختلفی بروز می‌کند که مهم‌ترین آنها عبارتند از : توسعه فعالیت‌های شرکت، کسب توانایی رقابت با سایر شرکت‌ها و یا برتری جستن از آنها و اصلاح ساختار مالی شرکت‌های سهامی.
افزایش سرمایه با توجه به شرایط و اهداف شرکت، به این چهار روش قابل انجام است : افزایش سرمایه از محل آورده نقدی و وصول مطالبات (حق تقدم)، افزایش سرمایه از محل سود انباشته (سهام جایزه)، افزایش سرمایه از محل صرف سهام و افزایش سرمایه از محل تجدید ارزیابی دارایی‌ها. به منظور یادگیری بیشتر این موضوع پیشنهاد میکنیم مقاله آموزش تحلیل بنیادی را مطالعه نمایید.
Investing in gold has long been considered a popular and safe investment method. Nowadays, most people are looking for planning for their money so that they can add value to their capital. In such situations, we have often asked ourselves: Should we buy gold or not? Due to the increase in the price of gold in the world market, many people are looking to invest in the gold market.
Each of the financial markets has principles that you must be familiar with the methods and rules of that market to enter those markets. It is true that gold investment is a profitable investment, but entering it without knowledge and experience can lead to your failure. When investing in gold, monitor the price of gold on a daily basis.
What is the carat of the gold you buy, or which gold to buy so that it has a lower wage and more profit for you, are all issues that you should keep in mind when buying gold. Also, buy gold when there is less demand and be careful not to buy platinum in the name of gold and also do not invest in gold that has stones and gems in it.
As we said, entering any financial market without knowing the conditions and how to operate in that market can lead to the loss of your capital. By holding various training courses such as trading psychology training, macroeconomics training, technical analysis training, fundamental analysis training and many other courses in Rahvard Academy, it has provided the opportunity for those interested to acquire sufficient knowledge in the field of investment and trading.
Since the price of gold is affected by global factors, its price is determined globally. In countries like ours, where inflation is intertwined with our economy, this can lead to preserving the value of people’s assets after investing in gold.
The possibility of investing with little money is one of the advantages of buying a gold fund. Because through a gold-backed investment fund, you don’t need to pay a whole coin, but you can buy the units of this fund with small amounts of money and earn profit.
To buy physical gold and coins, just go to a gold shop and buy the gold you want at the current price. In this way, you can buy and sell gold only by knowing the daily price of gold.
◊ Also read this article: How to calculate the gold price bubble
Liquidity is one of the important pillars of investment. Buying physical gold is one of the methods that has high liquidity and is very suitable for investors who cannot ignore their capital in the long term.
Since the price of gold in the global markets has a positive trend and grows every year, buying physical gold in the long-term horizon can bring good profits to investors. Therefore, after a period of time, gold buyers can see a significant return on their investment.
One of the ways to buy gold is to buy a gold coin deposit certificate. By purchasing a gold coin deposit certificate, you become the owner of a certain number of coins, but the beauty of this method is that the risks of theft, loss, and damage that exist with physical coins and gold are completely eliminated in this method.
Gold-backed investment fund is another way to buy gold. Among the advantages of this method is the low fee of the gold fund compared to the cost of making physical gold.
The activity of all investment funds in Iran requires obtaining a license and having the guarantee of the central bank. Therefore, by buying gold mutual fund units, you will be safe from common scams in other methods.
Among the disadvantages of buying physical gold is the difficulty of maintaining it. Because, as you know, gold, like any other valuable object, faces the risk of theft, loss and damage.
The price of gold is determined globally, and since this price is affected by various political, economic and social factors, gold buyers should expect fluctuations in the price of gold due to the occurrence of various events around the world.
Investing in gold is considered a long-term investment method and is suitable for people who have a long-term investment horizon. Because although the gold market is profitable in the long term, it faces a lot of risk in the short term.
One of the most common methods of investing in the gold market among most people is to buy gold directly and keep it at home. Of course, in this method, the discussion of fees is also important and should be taken into consideration. The types of physical gold buying methods are: decorative gold, second-hand gold, gold bars and gold coins.
Gold is one of the tradable commodities in the commodity exchange, which is bought and sold in the form of a certificate of deposit. Holding a gold deposit certificate is like owning capital, but it does not have the disadvantages of holding gold.
It should be noted that activity in the commodity exchange, like activity in the stock exchange, requires receiving the stock exchange code. A gold deposit certificate shows how much gold you have. In this method, the gold is kept in the warehouse of Iran Stock Exchange. The advantages of buying gold deposit certificates are:
One of the methods of investing in gold is the gold fund. One of the advantages of gold fund is that in this method, your capital is entrusted to the hands of experts. Entering the capital market without having knowledge, expertise and experience will not benefit you.
By examining the best gold investment funds, we find that the Kian Gold Fund is considered a suitable option for investing in gold. Investing in gold with this method has the following advantages:
◊ Also read this article: Free stock market training from zero to one hundred
One of the types of securities in Iran are futures contracts. Coin futures market also has many fans among traders. A coin futures contract is an agreement in which the seller undertakes to deliver a certain number of coins to the buyer at a certain time, and the buyer undertakes to pay the agreed amount on the day of the contract upon receiving the coins.
Gold coin option contracts are contracts that give the buyer the right to buy or sell gold coins on the maturity date of the contract, depending on the type of contract. The seller is obliged to sell the gold coin to the buyer or buy it from the buyer if the buyer requests it.
Recognizing the best time to buy gold will help you make more profit and avoid losses. In general, when the supply of gold is higher than the demand, the price trend is downward and it can be said that this is the best time to buy gold.
Determining the best time to invest is not an easy task and requires analysis of data and market conditions. In order to know what kind of gold to buy and when it is more suitable for investment, it is better to consult with experts and advisors in this field and ask them for guidance.
Whether it is better to invest in gold or coins depends on your investment goal. But it can be said that some people prefer buying coins to buying gold; Because when selling coins, the cost of making it is not reduced and you get more profit.
A number of banks, in cooperation with the commodity exchange, have provided the possibility of issuing gold coin deposit certificates for their customers. Therefore, customers can enjoy the benefits of investing in gold without carrying physical gold.
In addition to not being considered an economic activity, buying and selling a car also reduces the car’s value due to the car’s depreciation and the effect of inflation on its price. But since the price of gold is determined globally and its price chart is always upward in the long term, investing in gold is considered one of the best investment options.
By buying melted gold, you will find that compared to second-hand gold, you will not be required to pay mintage, manufacturing fees and taxes. Therefore, buying melted gold can be considered a more suitable option for investing in gold.
Second-hand gold, unlike decorative gold, does not have the cost of manufacturing, taxes and other such things. Therefore, buying used gold costs less than decorative gold. Of course, this type of purchase also has risks that you should pay attention to, for example, when buying second-hand gold, you should be careful not to sell fake gold to you.
In order to avoid possible frauds, it is necessary to buy from reputable centers in the first place, and secondly, buy gold with an invoice that has been signed by the seller and has the seal of the shop, the date of purchase, and the name of the seller. .
Investing in gold is one of the ways that people have been interested in for a long time. Today, in addition to buying physical gold (including decorative gold, melted gold, second-hand gold) and gold coins, you can also buy gold deposit certificates, gold funds, coin futures contracts, and coin option contracts. Gold investors can get the best profit from this market if they have a long-term investment vision.
At the request of many users, two major changes have been made in the internal currencies section of the Rahvard website.
With this change, as you may have seen on the site, from today all the prices were corrected and formed a big candle, which is caused by the price correction on the site. For example, the dollar price that was received from another site until yesterday was in the range of 28,250 Tomans, which did not show the real price. But from today and with the changes that have been applied, the price of the dollar has been entered in the range of 29,300 Tomans, which is the real market price.
At the request of many users, two major changes have been made in the internal currencies section of the Rahvard website.
With this change, as you may have seen on the site, from today all the prices were corrected and formed a big candle, which is caused by the price correction on the site. For example, the dollar price that was received from another site until yesterday was in the range of 28,250 Tomans, which did not show the real price. But from today and with the changes that have been applied, the price of the dollar has been entered in the range of 29,300 Tomans, which is the real market price.
In the last episode of the first chapter of Rahman’s videocast, we have compared safe investment methods. In this chapter, we tried to mention very basic concepts of investment. Besides that, we also introduced and taught three of the least risky investment methods.
In the second part, we provided explanations about fixed income funds. In the fourth part, we went to the bank deposit and in the sixth part, we talked about investing in bonds.
But to conclude this chapter, in the final part, we will compare these methods as well as investing in fixed assets.
Fixed income investment funds are one of the least risky methods of investing in the stock market, which generate a little more than bank interest for investors. These funds invest your capital in bank deposits, bonds, and other risk-free marketable securities. These funds are suitable for people who want to receive a reliable and favorable profit, but with minimal risk.
Bonds are a type of investment in which the investor lends money to a legal entity or an institution, and the receiving company undertakes to repay the money or credit in question at a specified time and by paying a fixed periodic interest. Bonds are documents based on which the issuer undertakes to pay annual interest to its holder at certain time intervals and repay the principal at maturity.
Deposit is one of the simplest and safest investment methods in our country. Article three of the second chapter of the law on interest-free banking operations states that banks can open deposits under the following headings:
A) Qarzul-Hasna deposits including: current deposit and savings deposit
b) Term investment deposits
Fixed assets are properties, equipment, devices and any tangible assets. Fixed assets are assets that cannot be consumed within a year. In business, these assets are also called capital assets.
To better understand the explanation given in the video, we may need to explain the term “liquidity”.
Liquidity refers to how quickly an asset or stock can be sold at the actual market price. In other words, if an asset can be quickly and easily converted into cash, it is more liquid.
With these explanations, you can watch the last part of the guide video that compares these methods. The second chapter of the guide will be published soon, and in it we will talk about other topics of personal investment.